/* MSRR / editorial redesign. Content and CMS text-node order are preserved. */
:root{--paper:#f4f3ef;--white:#fff;--ink:#202c2a;--muted:#53615c;--accent:#244c40;--sand:#c6d3bf;--line:#ced5ce;--motion-fast:160ms;--motion-panel:250ms;--motion-ease:cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1)}
html{scroll-padding-top:110px}body{font-family:Arial,"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:1.65;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink)}
.wrap{max-width:1480px;padding-inline:clamp(22px,4vw,64px)}
body>.wrap:first-of-type{max-width:none;background:var(--paper);position:relative;z-index:30;padding-inline:clamp(22px,4vw,64px)}
.topline{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;padding:10px 0;border:0;color:var(--muted)}
.header{padding:16px 0 24px;gap:24px;position:relative}.brand{gap:10px;flex-shrink:0}.brand svg{width:42px;height:42px;color:var(--accent)}.brand strong{font-size:25px;letter-spacing:-1px}.brand small{font-size:9px;letter-spacing:1px}.nav{gap:clamp(14px,1.6vw,28px);font-size:14px}.nav a{position:relative;padding:10px 0}.nav a:after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:4px;left:0;width:100%;height:2px;background:var(--accent);transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:left;transition:transform var(--motion-panel) var(--motion-ease)}.nav a:hover:after,.nav a[aria-current=page]:after{transform:scaleX(1)}
.languages a{font-size:12px;min-width:34px}.languages a[aria-current=true]{text-decoration:none;background:#e2e8de;border-radius:50%}
.btn{min-height:50px;padding:15px 23px;border:0;border-radius:999px;background:var(--accent);font-size:14px;letter-spacing:0;font-weight:500;gap:20px;transition:background var(--motion-fast),transform var(--motion-fast) var(--motion-ease),box-shadow var(--motion-fast)}.btn:hover{background:#16392f;transform:translateY(-2px)}.btn:active{transform:translateY(0) scale(.98)}.btn.light{background:#e4e9df;color:var(--ink);border:0}.btn.light:hover{background:#d6dfcf}.btn span{transition:transform var(--motion-panel) var(--motion-ease)}.btn:hover span{transform:translate(3px,-3px)}.header>.btn{white-space:nowrap;min-height:44px;padding:12px 19px;font-size:12px}
.hero{margin:8px clamp(22px,4vw,64px) 0;min-height:650px;background:#e7e9df;border:0;border-radius:24px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.35fr 1fr;isolation:isolate;overflow:hidden}
.hero .wrap{grid-column:1;grid-row:1;min-height:650px;padding:clamp(30px,4vw,65px);width:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;z-index:2}.hero-copy{padding:0;width:100%;min-width:0}.hero-art{position:relative;grid-column:2;grid-row:1;inset:auto;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:650px;mask-image:none;opacity:1;background:#d5ddcd;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:55px 35px}.hero-art img{position:relative;inset:auto;width:min(100%,330px);height:auto;max-height:530px;object-fit:contain;object-position:center;transform:rotate(5deg);transform-origin:center;transition:transform 700ms var(--motion-ease);border-radius:2px}.hero-art:hover img{transform:rotate(0) translateY(-8px)}.orb{display:none}
h1,h2,h3{font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.045em}h1 em{font-style:normal;color:inherit}.hero h1{font-size:clamp(40px,4.55vw,72px);line-height:1.06;letter-spacing:-.055em;margin:28px 0}.hero h1 br{display:none}.hero h1 em:before{content:" "}.hero-copy>p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.65;max-width:490px;color:var(--ink)}.hero-copy>p br{display:none}.hero-copy .eyebrow{font-size:13px;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;color:var(--muted)}.eyebrow:before{display:none}.eyebrow{font:400 14px/1.4 Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;color:var(--muted);gap:0}.micro{font-size:13px;letter-spacing:0;color:var(--muted)}.actions{margin:28px 0;gap:12px}
.facts{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px;border:0;padding:20px 0 0}.fact{padding:28px!important;border:0;border-radius:16px;background:#e6e9e1;min-width:0}.fact:first-child{background:var(--ink);color:white}.fact:first-child span{color:#cbd5cc}.fact strong{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:clamp(24px,2.7vw,40px);letter-spacing:-1px;line-height:1.3}.fact span{display:block;margin-top:8px;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}
section.section{padding:110px 0}.intro{grid-template-columns:1.1fr 1fr;gap:clamp(35px,7vw,110px);align-items:start}.intro h2{font-size:clamp(36px,4vw,58px);line-height:1.08;max-width:620px;margin:22px 0 0}.intro p{font-size:17px;color:var(--ink)}.intro .text-link{margin-top:10px}.text-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;font-size:14px;border:0;padding:5px 0;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:6px;text-decoration-color:#97a99c;transition:color var(--motion-fast)}.text-link:hover{color:var(--accent);text-decoration-color:var(--accent)}
h2{font-size:clamp(32px,3.2vw,48px);line-height:1.13;margin:18px 0 25px}h3{font-size:29px;line-height:1.18}.section-head{margin-bottom:35px;align-items:end}.section-head .micro{max-width:260px}.topics{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr 1fr;gap:16px}.topic{border:0;padding:36px;border-radius:20px;background:#e6e9e1;position:relative;min-width:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:75px 1fr;column-gap:20px}.topic:first-child{grid-row:span 2;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;min-height:390px;background:var(--accent);color:#fff}.topic .code{font-size:16px;letter-spacing:0;color:var(--accent);grid-row:span 2;align-self:start}.topic:first-child .code{color:#c2d1b9;margin-bottom:auto;font-size:21px}.topic h3{margin:0 0 16px}.topic:first-child h3{font-size:clamp(32px,3.3vw,48px);max-width:490px}.topic p{margin:0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--ink)}.topic:first-child p{color:#e2e9de;max-width:430px}.topic:last-child{background:#d6dfcb}
.tint{background:var(--ink);color:white}.issue-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1.1fr;gap:clamp(40px,8vw,120px);align-items:center}.cover-stage{background:#354b42;padding:45px;min-height:450px;border-radius:20px}.cover-stage img{width:260px;box-shadow:none;transform:rotate(-5deg);transition:transform 600ms var(--motion-ease)}.cover-stage:hover img{transform:rotate(0)}.issue-copy .eyebrow,.issue-copy .micro{color:#b9c9b6}.issue-copy h2{font-size:clamp(36px,4.5vw,64px)}.issue-copy p{font-size:17px;color:#e2e7df;max-width:550px}.issue-copy p.notice{font-size:14px;color:#b9c9b6}.issue-copy .btn.light{background:#cbd9bd}
.steps{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:24px}.step{border:0;padding:0 16px 0 0;min-width:0}.step b{display:inline-grid;place-items:center;width:44px;height:44px;border-radius:50%;background:#dce4d5;color:var(--accent);font-size:14px}.step h3{font-size:25px;margin:22px 0 16px}.step p{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted);margin:0}
.cta{background:#d4dfc8;border-radius:22px;padding:clamp(30px,5vw,72px);gap:45px}.cta h2{font-size:clamp(36px,4.4vw,65px);line-height:1.08;margin:20px 0}.cta p{font-size:16px;color:var(--ink)}.cta>.btn{flex-shrink:0}.cta .eyebrow{color:#41533f}
.footer{background:var(--ink);color:#f2f3ec;border:0;margin-top:100px;padding:65px 0 25px}.foot-grid{grid-template-columns:1.5fr 1fr 1fr;gap:60px}.footer .brand svg{color:#cbd9bd}.footer .brand strong{font-size:30px}.footer .brand small{font-size:10px}.footer p{color:#c1ccc3;font-size:14px}.footer a{font-size:14px;transition:color var(--motion-fast)}.footer a:hover{color:#d5e8c1}.foot-links{gap:4px}.foot-links a{padding:7px 0}.footer .tag{font-size:14px;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;color:#aebfae;margin-bottom:15px}.copyright{border:0;padding-top:35px;margin-top:20px;color:#b2c1b5;gap:25px;font-size:12px;flex-wrap:wrap}.copyright a{font-size:12px}.footer .wrap:after{content:"S&P";display:block;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:clamp(100px,22vw,330px);line-height:.85;letter-spacing:-.075em;color:#637b68;margin-top:55px;overflow:hidden}
.page-title{border:0;padding:55px 0 45px}.page-title h1{font-size:clamp(40px,5.5vw,76px);max-width:1050px;line-height:1.08;margin-top:24px}.crumb{font-size:13px}.page-grid{grid-template-columns:220px minmax(0,1fr);gap:clamp(35px,6vw,90px);padding-bottom:60px}.page-grid>*{min-width:0}.side{top:30px;gap:5px;background:#e4e9df;border-radius:16px;padding:18px;font-size:14px}.side a{border:0;padding:10px;min-height:44px;border-radius:8px}.side a:hover,.side a[aria-current=page]{background:#d2dccb;color:var(--accent)}.article{max-width:850px;font-size:17px}.article p,.article li{color:var(--ink)}.article h2{font-size:32px;margin:35px 0 22px}.article h3{font-size:25px}.article a{color:var(--accent)}.checklist{background:#e3e9dc;border-radius:16px;padding:28px}.checklist ul{padding-left:23px}.contact{font-size:clamp(21px,3vw,34px)}.notice{font-size:14px}.empty{border:0;border-radius:20px;background:#e3e9dc;padding:38px}
.searchbox{padding:18px 23px;border-radius:999px;border:1px solid var(--line);font-size:16px}.filters{gap:8px}.filters button{font-size:13px;min-height:44px;border:0;border-radius:999px;background:#e3e9dc;padding:12px 18px;transition:background var(--motion-fast),color var(--motion-fast)}.filters button:hover{background:#d4dfc9}.filters button[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--accent);color:#fff}.result-count{font-size:14px;min-height:25px}.editors{gap:16px}.editor{border:0;background:#fff;border-radius:18px;padding:28px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.editor .initials{background:#dfe8d6;color:var(--accent);width:56px;height:56px;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:21px}.editor h2{font-size:27px;line-height:1.18}.editor p{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}.editor a{font-size:14px}.tag{font-size:13px;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;color:var(--accent)}details{border:0;border-radius:14px;background:#e5eade;margin:12px 0;padding:20px 25px}summary{font-size:17px;min-height:30px}details[open]{background:#dce5d3}summary::marker{color:var(--accent)}
.reveal-in{animation:editorial-reveal 650ms var(--motion-ease) both;animation-delay:var(--reveal-delay,0ms)}@keyframes editorial-reveal{from{opacity:.25;transform:translateY(20px)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}
html[lang=en] .hero h1{font-size:clamp(42px,4.7vw,70px)}html[lang=zh-Hans] h1,html[lang=zh-Hans] h2,html[lang=zh-Hans] h3{font-family:Georgia,"SimSun","Songti SC",serif;letter-spacing:0;line-height:1.25}html[lang=zh-Hans] .hero h1{font-size:clamp(40px,4.5vw,65px)}
@media(min-width:1500px){.hero{max-width:1450px;margin-inline:auto}.hero-art{width:100%}.hero-copy{width:100%}}
@media(max-width:1200px){.header{gap:18px}.header>.btn{display:none}.nav{font-size:13px;gap:17px}.hero{grid-template-columns:1.25fr 1fr;min-height:600px}.hero .wrap,.hero-art{min-height:600px}.hero-art{padding:35px 25px}.hero .wrap{padding:35px}.hero h1{font-size:49px}.hero .btn{font-size:13px;padding-inline:18px}.fact{padding:23px!important}.topic{padding:27px;grid-template-columns:1fr}.topic .code{grid-row:auto;margin-bottom:18px}.steps{gap:18px}.step h3{font-size:23px}}
@media(max-width:900px){.header{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-bottom:20px;gap:16px}.header .brand{margin-right:auto}.header .languages{margin:0;order:1}.header .menu{display:block;order:2;min-height:44px;min-width:80px;padding:8px 16px;border:0;border-radius:999px;background:var(--ink);color:white;font-size:14px}.header .nav{order:3;display:none;width:100%;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;gap:0;padding:12px 20px;background:#e0e7d8;border-radius:16px;font-size:16px;transform-origin:top right}.header .nav.open{display:flex;animation:nav-open var(--motion-panel) var(--motion-ease)}.header .nav a{padding:13px 5px}.hero{grid-template-columns:1.25fr .85fr}.hero .wrap{padding:32px}.hero h1,html[lang=en] .hero h1{font-size:43px}.hero-art img{transform:rotate(4deg)}.hero-copy>p{font-size:16px}.hero .actions{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}.facts{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.intro{gap:35px}.topics{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.topic:first-child h3{font-size:33px}.topic h3{font-size:27px}.steps{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:35px}.cta{display:block}.cta>.btn{margin-top:25px}.foot-grid{grid-template-columns:1.25fr 1fr;gap:30px}.foot-grid>div:first-child{grid-column:1/-1}.page-grid{grid-template-columns:170px minmax(0,1fr);gap:30px}.side{padding:10px;font-size:13px}.editors{grid-template-columns:1fr}}
@keyframes nav-open{from{opacity:0;transform:translateY(-8px) scale(.98)}to{opacity:1;transform:none}}
@media(max-width:700px){html{scroll-padding-top:20px}.wrap,body>.wrap:first-of-type{padding-inline:22px}.topline{gap:16px;font-size:10px}.topline span:first-child{max-width:none}.header{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:12px;padding:12px 0 18px}.header .brand{grid-column:1;grid-row:1}.brand strong{font-size:23px}.brand small{font-size:8px}.brand svg{width:34px;height:34px}.header .menu{grid-column:2;grid-row:1}.header .languages{grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:2;justify-self:end;gap:6px}.header .languages a{min-height:36px;min-width:40px;font-size:12px}.header .nav{grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:3}.hero{margin:0 16px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:0;border-radius:20px}.hero .wrap{order:0;min-height:0;padding:32px 26px;display:block}.hero-copy{width:100%;padding:0}.hero-art{order:1;width:100%;height:340px;min-height:0;padding:25px;position:relative;mask-image:none;opacity:1}.hero-art img{width:205px;max-height:290px;position:static;height:auto;transform:rotate(5deg)}.hero h1,html[lang=en] .hero h1{font-size:clamp(36px,8.9vw,55px);letter-spacing:-.045em;margin:24px 0}.hero-copy .eyebrow{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:0}.hero-copy>p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.65}.hero .actions{flex-direction:row;align-items:stretch;margin:25px 0}.hero .btn{font-size:12px;padding:13px 16px;gap:14px}.hero .micro{font-size:12px}.facts{gap:10px;padding-top:16px}.fact{padding:20px!important;border-radius:14px}.fact strong{font-size:26px;letter-spacing:-1px}.fact span{font-size:12px;margin-top:6px}.intro,.issue-grid,.page-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:28px}.intro h2{font-size:38px}.intro p{font-size:16px}section.section{padding:70px 0}.section-head{display:block;margin-bottom:28px}.section-head .micro{max-width:none}h2{font-size:36px}.topics{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:12px}.topic,.topic:first-child{grid-row:auto;min-height:0;display:block;padding:28px;border-radius:18px}.topic:first-child .code{display:block;margin-bottom:36px}.topic .code{display:block;margin-bottom:18px}.topic:first-child h3{font-size:34px}.topic h3{font-size:30px}.topic p{font-size:16px}.cover-stage{min-height:350px;padding:35px}.cover-stage img{width:210px}.issue-copy h2{font-size:42px}.issue-copy p{font-size:16px}.steps{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:30px}.step{padding:0 0 0 64px;position:relative}.step b{position:absolute;left:0;top:0}.step h3{margin:0 0 12px;font-size:27px}.step p{font-size:16px}.cta{padding:32px 27px;border-radius:20px}.cta h2{font-size:38px}.cta p{font-size:16px}.cta h2 br{display:none}.cta h2 br:after{content:" "}.footer{margin-top:65px;padding-top:45px}.foot-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:35px}.foot-grid>div:first-child{grid-column:auto}.copyright{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;line-height:1.6;margin-top:15px}.footer .wrap:after{font-size:27vw;margin-top:35px}.footer p,.footer a{font-size:14px}.page-title{padding:35px 0 25px}.page-title h1{font-size:42px;letter-spacing:-.04em}.side{position:static;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:3px;padding:10px}.side a{font-size:13px;min-height:44px;padding:8px 12px}.article{font-size:16px}.article h2{font-size:30px}.editor{padding:24px}.editor h2{font-size:26px}.empty{padding:26px}.searchbox{padding:15px 20px}.checklist{padding:22px}.hero-art:hover img{transform:rotate(5deg)}}
/* Keep authored breaks where hiding a BR would join adjacent words. */
.hero-copy>p br,.cta h2 br{display:initial}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*:before,*:after{animation:none!important;transition:none!important}.hero-art img,.cover-stage img{transform:none!important}.reveal-in{opacity:1;transform:none}}

/* Archive audit fixes: keep the reading action ahead of secondary navigation. */
.archive-sections{display:none}
.archive-page .editor p,.archive-page .notice{font-size:16px;line-height:1.6}
.archive-page .editor a{font-size:16px}
.archive-page .side{background:transparent}
.archive-page h2[tabindex="-1"]:focus{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:6px}
@media(max-width:900px){.header .nav.closing{display:flex;pointer-events:none;animation:nav-close 180ms var(--motion-ease) both}}
@keyframes nav-close{from{opacity:1;transform:none}to{opacity:0;transform:translateY(-6px) scale(.99)}}
@media(max-width:700px){
 .archive-page .page-title{padding:18px 0 20px}
 .archive-page .page-title h1{font-size:clamp(34px,9vw,42px);margin-top:12px}
 .archive-page .page-title .eyebrow{margin:10px 0}
 .archive-page .page-grid{gap:16px}
 .archive-sections{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;width:100%;min-height:44px;background:#e4e9df;border:0;border-radius:10px;padding:10px 16px;font:inherit;text-align:left;color:var(--ink)}
 .archive-sections:after{content:'+';font-size:22px}
 .archive-sections[aria-expanded=true]:after{content:'−'}
 .has-sections .side.collapsible{display:none}
 .has-sections .side.collapsible.expanded{display:flex}
 .archive-page .archive-issue{gap:16px!important;padding:20px}
 .archive-page .archive-issue>div{order:0;min-width:0!important;flex-basis:100%!important}
 .archive-page .archive-issue>img{order:1;width:85px;height:auto!important}
 .archive-page .archive-issue h2{font-size:25px;margin:12px 0}
 .archive-page .archive-issue .actions{margin-top:18px;gap:10px}
 .archive-page .archive-issue .btn{padding:12px 16px;min-height:44px;font-size:15px}
}

/* Public-page accessibility and responsive review. */
.article .btn{color:#fff}
.article .btn.light{color:var(--ink)}
.article .empty .btn{color:var(--ink)}
.article .empty .btn:hover{color:#fdf9ef}
.article{max-width:70ch;overflow-wrap:break-word}
.article li+li{margin-top:8px}
.article summary{min-height:44px;line-height:1.5}
.article a:not(.btn){text-underline-offset:4px}
.editor p,.notice,.issue-copy p.notice,.step p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.6}
.editor a{font-size:16px}
.has-sections .side{background:transparent}
.hero .btn{font-size:14px}
.fact strong{overflow-wrap:anywhere}
@media(max-width:700px){
 .has-sections .page-title{padding:18px 0 20px}
 .has-sections .page-title h1{font-size:clamp(32px,8.5vw,42px);margin-top:12px;overflow-wrap:break-word}
 .has-sections .page-title .eyebrow{margin:10px 0}
 .has-sections .page-grid{gap:16px}
 .hero .wrap{padding:26px 22px}
 .hero h1,html[lang=en] .hero h1{font-size:clamp(32px,8.7vw,44px)}
 .hero .btn{font-size:14px;min-height:44px}
 .fact{padding:18px!important}
 .fact strong{font-size:clamp(20px,5.4vw,26px)}
 .fact span,.hero .micro{font-size:14px}
 .article .actions{align-items:stretch}
 .article .btn{white-space:normal;text-align:center;max-width:100%}
 .checklist{padding:20px}
 .article h2{font-size:clamp(26px,7.5vw,30px)}
}
@media(max-width:360px){.facts{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.fact strong{font-size:26px}.fact span{margin-top:3px}}
.publication-search{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:end;gap:16px;margin-bottom:20px}.publication-search label{display:flex;flex:1;flex-direction:column;gap:8px;min-width:160px}.publication-search label:first-child{flex:3}.publication-search input,.publication-search select{font:inherit;width:100%;min-height:44px;border:1px solid #8a9b8e;background:white;border-radius:8px;padding:10px}.archive-issue{display:flex;gap:30px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:25px}.archive-issue>div{flex:1;min-width:0}.archive-issue>img{object-fit:cover}.publication-article{margin-bottom:20px}.publication-article h3 a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px}.submission-entry{padding-bottom:30px;margin-bottom:30px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}#citation{overflow-wrap:anywhere}.page-title h1{overflow-wrap:anywhere}
@media(max-width:600px){.publication-search{align-items:stretch}.publication-search label{flex-basis:100%}.archive-issue{gap:20px}.archive-issue>div{flex-basis:100%}.publication-article .actions{flex-wrap:wrap}}
@media(max-width:900px){.header .languages{gap:8px}.header .languages a{min-width:44px;min-height:44px}}

/* The earlier editorial mobile grid leaves headings in a 28px column. */
@media(max-width:700px){
 .steps .step{display:block;grid-template-columns:none}
 .steps .step h3{overflow-wrap:normal}
 .steps .step p{grid-column:auto}
}
@media(max-width:700px){html[lang="zh-Hans"] .hero h1{font-size:clamp(28px,9vw,46px);line-height:1.15}}
@media(max-width:360px){html[lang="zh-Hans"] .hero h1{font-size:clamp(25px,8vw,29px)}}
.cms-preview-banner{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:100;margin:0;padding:12px 24px;background:#16392f;color:#fff;text-align:center;font:600 14px/1.5 Arial,sans-serif}